Classifications Of Business To Consumer Information Technology Essay

Classifications Of Business To Consumer Information Technology Essay Emergence of internet over the past few years has changed the trends of business world at exponential rate. Now world has become a Global Village which means what used to be a single physical market place located in one geographical area has now become a border-less marketplace, attracting customers and businesses from all over the world. It provides businesses with many advantages for instance setting up an online business is less costly since it doesnt require physical infrastructure for a shop, a business can operate 24 hours a day, 7 days a week and 365 days a year, these long working hours helps businesses generating more profits. It also offers businesses to try new product lines and marketing strategies in cost effective way. The biggest advantage of online business is that even small businesses can compete with international corporations since consumers cannot figure out the actual size of firm. E-commerce can be defined in different ways: E-commerce refers to various online commercial activities focusing on commodity exchanges by electronic means, internet in particular. Zheng Qin (2009) , Introduction to e commerce, Page 7 E-COMMERCE refers to the paperless exchange of business information using electronic data interchange, electronic mail, electronic bulletin boards, electronic funds transfer, world wide web, and other network-based technologies. E-COMMERCE, The Cutting Edge of Business , Second Edition (2005) by Kamlesh K Bajaj and Debjani Nag E-COMMERCE is the use of telecommunications and computers to facilitate the trade of goods and services E-commerce by S. Pankaj (2005) page 3 Types of E-commerce There are Four Main Types Of E-commerce Model: 1) Business to Business (B2B) B2B can be define as commerce transactions between businesses, such as transactions between a wholesaler and retailer. 2) Business to Consumer (B2C) As discussed in class lecture, B2C refers to a commerce transaction between business and individual rather then a company or Businesses selling to the general public for example Dell computer which sells directly to general public through website. 3) Consumer to Business( C2B) C2B is a reverse form of business to consumer, in C2B the commerce transaction take place between consumer and business, for instance Elance.com, which allow individuals to place their requirements on a website within hours companies review the project and make bids on a project then consumer review the bids and select the company with most suitable bid. 4) Consumer to Consumer (C2C) C2C is simply a commerce transaction between consumer to consumer, manay auctions webistes allow consumers to interact with other consumers to buy and sell all sort of items for example Ebay.com, Amazon.com. Above mentioned types of E-commerce clearly shows that electronic commerce is becoming the back bone of transactions at every level for both businesses and consumers. The impact of this emerging trend has changed the fundamentals of supply chain management by redefining the way in which consumers select, purchase and use products and services. E-commerce has also provided companies with opportunity to work more closer to customers what we call consumers intimacy which allow companies to shape their innovation process with changing demand of consumers. Classifications of Business-to-Consumer (B2C) E-Commerce: As described by Deborah Morley Charles S. Parker(2010) With the business to consumer model, businesses sell goods or services to individual consumers. The B2C model was one of the first major types of e-commerce business models to be defined and implemented using the Web. Some example of B2C businesses include Amazon.com, Walmart.com, Overstock.com, and BestBuy.com. There are two main types of B2C E-Commerce: 1) Direct Sellers Direct Sellers are those companies which provide products or services directly to consumers. The important factors that contribute towards the success of B2C e-commerce are Direct Selling experience and consumers database. There is a limit to amount of information that can be communicated through catalogs but internet offers a powerful medium by which direct sellers can provide consumers with thousands of products with detailed description and high-quality visuals. Example: Dell Computers 2) Online Intermediaries Online intermediaries are companies that facilitate transactions between buyers and sellers and receive a percentage of the transactions value. For examples Internet Service Providers( ISP). Supply Chain Management An electronic alternative to the traditional paper chain, providing companies with a smarter, faster, more efficient way to get the right product to the right customer at the right time and price. Combines the power of the Internet with the latest technology, enabling participating suppliers to access up-to-date company information and enabling companies to better manage and track supply and demand http://www.geemultimedia.com.au/glossary.asp IMPACT OF E-COMMERCE ON AIRLINE INDUSTRY: The blessings of Internet have been observed the most by Airline Industry and as a result of it Airline ticket sales now comprise of the largest portion of all product sales made online. This is because e-ticketing is beneficial for both the airlines as well as the travelers. Traditionally the only options available to a passenger were either to buy tickets from a travel agency or from airport. But now with the advent of Internet, airlines have used tool like e-distribution system. An airlines costs can be divided into following two parts: Direct Operating Costs- which includes aircraft, its fuel and salaries of the staff Indirect Operating Costs- which is the distribution cost. The direct operating cost will remain more or less fixed while there is room for saving on indirect cost. This is where e-commerce can play an important role by integrating all business units and efficiently managing logistics. The major components of indirect cost for airline industry includes Sales office, Reservation system ,Travel agent fees,Ticketing fees Promotion and advertisements. Previously, airlines payed commissions to travel agents for selling their tickets, in addition money was also spent on setting up of sales office and staff salaries. Extra capital was used for printing and issuing of tickets. To cut down the operating cost airlines had to turn to e-ticketing to limit their sales offices and reduce their dependency on sales agents. Every airline has now setup their own website offering online booking facility. This also allow Airlines to promote different marketing strategies through web site which gives them more chance to attract new customers. Through the use of e-commerce and development of websites airlines has integrated all the parties involve in a business process for instance tourism business industry can link up with airline website using the integrated information system so that they can get the real time data through share database about the customers booking for their hotel along with the airline tickets. Online sells has also extended the business hours for airlines since customers can do online bookings round the clock and thus throughout the year. While passengers have the luxury of scheduling their own flight in a matter of few clicks saving both time and money. Conclusion: E-commerce has revolutionized the business models. Trading online enables businesses to reach much wider audience while cutting the costs of traditional retailing methods. It also provide businesses with long working hours and minimum human capital. E-commerce allows businesses to better understand and meet the demands of customers, working more closely with them by managing databases, resulting in better supply chain management activities and efficient logistics. E-commerce has also changed the way customers learn , select, purchase and use products and services, providing them with more personalized experience ever and by cutting the middle man out businesses have provide consumers with fast processing and close interaction with company.

Analysis of “Seeing” by Annie Dillard

Max 11/5/12 Eng. 101 9:30-11:00 â€Å"Seeing† by Annie Dillard: 1) According to Dillard, lovers and the knowledgeable can see well. Yet she also suggests that those who are knowledgeable on a topic, such as people who have been blind from birth and can suddenly see (due to an opperation), can perhaps view more objectively the world around them, and see it in a way that those with vision from birth cannot.Infants, she says, can see very clearly, for they are viewing the world for the first time, and can observe the colors and the light with no prejudgments, but we forget this experience as we grow older, and only occasionally catch glimpses of this phenomenon. 2) Lovers can see well, because their vision transcends the obvious, if they love a lake, they do not merely see a lake, but also see what the lake represents for them, they see meaning.The knowledgeable can see because as small children we are constantly learning, but those who are knowledgeable continue to learn through out their lives, which enables them to keep discovering new ways to view the world and allows them to keep an open mind and open eye. Those who know little can see, but only if they are open to knowledge, even if that knowledge is self taught, they just must be open to experience and to wonder. ) Seeing contributes to happiness because when we allow ourselves to see, we allow ourselves to open our minds and our hearts, and to see the wonder in the world, which we often close ourselves off to as we grow older. Perhaps when we begin to learn of all the sufferings of reality, we close ourselves off to seeing, because we don't want to know, but if we do not allow ourselves to see and feel suffering, we shut the door to the joys and wonders of this world as well. ) The part of Dillard's essay which struck me the most was her retelling of the experiences of those who had been blinded from birth and were then granted sight, and how they did not have a sense of visual space or distance. It made me realize how my perception of the world is a combination of all my senses, and I can't really distinguish them. If I see an apple, I don't only see it, but I imagine how it feels, tastes, smells, sounds as I bight into it. It is hard to separate each of those from each other, but the sound of n apple being bitten into without the knowledge of it being an apple or knowing what it tastes or smells like, is a novel idea. To think of it separately is difficult, but if you can isolate it, it is truly fascinating, exciting even, for it is like a whole new experience. 5) When Dillard uses the term seeing, she means seeing something beyond the obvious. When looking at a tree, not seeing just a tree, but seeing it as if you were seeing it for the first time, and seeing it for all that it entails. ) A person may â€Å"see† not with the eyes, if they were to feel something deep within themselves that could not be attributed to any of the senses. Seeing in this case means to under stand what the view means to the individual. 7) See is most closely a synonym with understand and appreciate. What Dillard means is to appreciate, for often we go through life not â€Å"seeing† because we are ungrateful. However, one cannot truly appreciate unless they understand. One can look at the stars and not know what they are and still see them and understand.What I mean by understand, is not to be able to scientifically explain, but to wonder about and to be able to understand what it means to the the individual. Death of a Moth- Annie Dillard 8) The indefinite article article â€Å"a† in Dillard's title suggests that when she speaks about the vulnerabilities and fragilities of one moth, she speaks for the whole species. She observed â€Å"a† moth burn in the candle, but it could have been any moth, for they all are vulnerable to fire. Humans as well, are all connected in this way, when one person dies, we are reminded of our own vulnerability and our ow n lack of power in the face of death. ) In Dillard's essay the moth dies by flying into the flame of the candle while Dillard is camping. 10) I think the moth is significant to Dillard because it reminds her of her own vulnerability. Death is one thing which connects all life forms, irronic, but true. When she speaks of â€Å"a† moth, she speaks of all moths, and not only all moths, but all life forms, including herself. The moth stands out to her as well because the moth essentially surrenders it's life in order to allow her to read through the night, not knowingly or on purpose, but Dillard benefits from the death of this moth.This is sort of an example of the circle of life, for though one life form dies, another is able to flourish, this is of course on a small scale, but the concept is the same. 11) Dillard retreats to the hills because she is going through writer's block and is trying to re-motivate herself to write. She brings with her The Day on Fire by James Ullman, a book which she read as a young person which inspired her to write. 12) In â€Å"Death of a Moth†, Dillard seems to be unsure what she wants to write about.She begins by talking about herself living alone in an apartment, then diverges to discuss her trip to the hills to try to get motivated to write again and about watching a moth die in her candle flame, and then in the last paragraph she goes back to talking about living alone. The middle of her essay about her retreat to the hills by herself seems to be about her feelings of loneliness as well though. Even the moth dying is a representation of her solitude, for the moth dies alone. Dillard enjoys being alone, as she clearly states, which I have no doubt is true, but she also seems to want to want company.I find this very relateable, I enjoy my solitude very much, but sometimes I wish that I could be happy and comfortable living with another person, but I feel I cannot be myself unless I am alone. The only time Dillard wi shes to not live alone, is when something is funny, because it is much easier to share joyous times with others than to share ones pain. I would prefer to die alone because then I would not have to worry about how those around me felt, and I would be able to allow myself to feel however I felt, and if I did feel pain when I died, I would want to be able to feel that, and people around me might hinder my ability to do that.I think this is what Dillard may have felt watching the moth die, she pities the moth for dying alone, but the moth goes out majestically and for this reason Dillard envies her. Dillard wishes her death to be real, majestic, and she fears living her life with other people will ruin her death. It is a sad reality to live your life in fear of death, but even more tragic to live your life in preperation for a perfect death.

Chiang Rai Thailand Health And Social Care Essay

This is a quantitative research review on a survey conducted in 2008 in the northern state of Chiang Rai, Thailand. The survey investigates the causal relationships between age, antiretroviral intervention, societal support, symptom experience, self-care schemes, and health-related quality of life ( HRQOL ) in people populating with HIV/AIDS ( PLWHA ) in the northern part of the said state. Four hundred 22 topics were selected to take part in the research and from them informations were collected with the usage of four different questionnaires. The consequences revealed that symptom experience had a important negative direct consequence on the HRQOL as opposed to age, societal support, antiretroviral intervention and self-care schemes which had important positive consequence on the HRQOL. Furthermore, it was seen that societal support and antiretroviral intervention had an indirect consequence on the HRQOL through self-care schemes. With these findings, it was recommended that public ity of societal support and attachment to antiretroviral intervention must be achieved to heighten the quality of life of people populating with HIV/ AIDS. The rubric is dryly stated which included a minimum figure of words but still adequately describes the contents of the paper ( Day & A ; Gastal, 2006 ) . It is concise yet does non compromise its relevancy and does non sound uninteresting. It is briefly put together but still is moderately extended to explicate the research without overpowering readers with excessively much information. Furthermore, the rubric is formulated in a strong and simple mode which is really of import in guaranting readers will non be distracted or confused. The rubric presents the topic of the research which is the health-related quality of life in people populating with HIV/ AIDS in the northern part of Thailand. The research workers of this survey are Thitiarpa Tangkawanich, Jintana Yunibhand, Sureeporn Thanasilp, and Kathy Magilvy. Thitiarpa Tangkawanich, RN, Msc, Jintana Yunibhand, RN, Msc, PhD, and Sureeporn Thanasilp, RN, Msc, DNS are members of the Faculty of Nursing in Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand while Kathy Magilvy, RN, PhD, FAAN is a professor of the College of Nursing of the University of Colorado, Denver, Colorado, USA. With all these academic certificates and makings, the research workers can be considered believable personalities in their several Fieldss of fortes. The research was made by well-thought-of professors and registered nurses. All of them have maestro ‘s grade while Tangkawanich is the lone one without a doctorial grade. The article uses an declarative or descriptive abstract to supply a brief sum-up of the chief points of the research ( Day & A ; Gastal, 2006 ) . Since the research surveies a societal occurrence in a quantitative attack, the research workers used this sort of abstract as it describes what transpired during the full research procedure. The abstract references the condensed signifier of the research purpose, which is to happen out the causal relationships between age, antiretroviral intervention, societal support, symptom experience, self-care schemes and health-related quality of life. The methodological analysis used in carry oning the research is mentioned although some information was excluded as they were discussed in item in the succeeding parts of the research. Four different questionnaires were used to roll up informations from the 422 respondents chosen for the survey. Using the Likert evaluation graduated table, the informations were analyzed and were so subjected to statist ical intervention with SPSS and LISREL. The abstract besides reports the major findings ( Day & A ; Gastal, 2006 ) which show that symptom experience has a important negative consequence on the HRQOL while the other staying variables had a important positive consequence. Additionally, societal support and antiretroviral intervention were besides found to hold an indirect consequence on HRQOL via self-care schemes. Last, the abstract of the survey suggests a recommendation for the health-care squad, together with the household and community, to advance societal support and guarantee antiretroviral intervention to heighten the quality of life in people populating with HIV/ AIDS sing the research findings. It besides illustrates the survey ‘s significance to clinical pattern. The research job is clearly presented in the debut of the article as it explains the principle behind the behavior of this survey ( Walsh & A ; Wigens, 2007 ) . The purpose in this survey is to look into the causal relationships between age, antiretroviral intervention, societal support, symptom experience, self-care schemes and the HRQOL in people populating with HIV/AIDS in northern Thailand. It examines whether or non relationships between these factors exist, what sort of relationships exists if there are any and how does it implicate the people with the infection and the likely intercessions to be taken by wellness attention squad every bit good. The debut was besides able to give a state of affairs about how people with HIV/AIDS in the involved survey puting live their lives. It gave a brief treatment about HIV/AIDS which significantly provides a good jump-start in explicating the entireness of the research. The debut states the scarceness in research stuff that focal point on the relationships among the variables identified, HRQOL and PLWHA, set uping the demand for the survey to be conducted. Although the debut was able to discourse the major points and variables in the survey, it did non include the restrictions. Additionally, the debut besides did non explicate the chief subject from a bigger international range to a narrow and more specific degree ( Day & A ; Gastal, 2006 ) . In amount, the debut was able to set up a clear logic, an analysis of old plants, background information and the chief intent of the research ( Walsh & A ; Wigens, 2003 ) . The broad literature reappraisal used in the research was able to give a good background about the major points in the survey. However, many other stuffs still could hold been used to further beef up the survey ‘s literature reappraisal. It is notable that the survey is supported by up to day of the month information which makes it more timely and relevant. The literature reappraisal utilized articles from many other research workers whose research end products have greatly provided helpful informations to the survey. The description of the present life conditions of the respondents ( Sukati et al. , 2005 ) , the self-care schemes that they use ( Panuwatsuk, 1998 ) , the symptoms and their correlativity to HRQOL ( Dodd et al. 2001 ) , the current antiretroviral intervention ( Heckman 2003 ) , all these and others, were taken from researches conducted from twelvemonth 2000 through 2007. The literature is able to show in text the theoretical construction from which the survey was anchored. With the sum of referenced articles presented in the literature, the balanced rating of back uping and opposing stuffs for the proposition is demonstrated. Since merely few researches surveies were made sing the indirect consequence of the many factors identified on the HRQOL in PLWHA, the necessity to develop a theoretical account that could show the direct and indirect effects of the forecasters on the HRQOL in PLWHA has clearly risen as stated in the literature reappraisal. Furthermore, of import mentions were acknowledged consequently to further reenforce the soundness of the survey. Notwithstanding, it may hold given an extended overview on the survey, but still it was non able to show a few important points. Although the literature illustrated a comprehensive background on the survey and the variables involved, it did non overtly cite the cardinal theoretical model. The survey is a quantitative research which tries to explicate a societal phenomenon. This connotes that no change of the environment was made and the respondents were non subjected to any signifier of controlled scene, therefore, variables involved are limited. Since this is a quantitative research, it must hold a sound hypothesis which will function as its anchor. But it is non stated alternatively, an implied hypothesis was used to see whether or non relationships exist among the forecasters: age, antiretroviral intervention, societal support, self-care schemes and symptom experience on wellness -related quality of life in people populating with HIV/AIDS. This is an illustration of a non-directional hypothesis ( Wood & A ; Haber, 2006 ) , where the hypothesis being tested is reversible but can be tested by geting informations and subjecting them to statistical analysis. The research workers used words that are largely clear and apprehensible. They did non utilize excessively many slangs in the he-man. Abbreviations like HRQOL, PLWHA and HIV/AIDS are besides clearly defined to avoid confusion. Footings besides have consistent and consistent definitions throughout the survey, particularly those operationally defined for this research ( Walonick, 2005 ) . The survey uses a cross-sectional quantitative survey with a non-experimental research design in placing the respondents ‘ degree of HRQOL in relation to their age, antiretroviral intervention, societal support, symptom experience, and self-care schemes. It means that an experimental survey utilizing a aggregation of informations on one juncture was made with a specific group of population all at the same clip ( Walsh & A ; Wigens, 2003 ) . It is the appropriate method to be used as it gives a snapshot of what happens in a chosen mark group or a phenomenon at one point in clip ( Babbie, 2010 ) . It is besides fit for this research as it is normally used in societal and medical scientific discipline. However, it besides has its failing or restriction since it merely captures the information at one specific clip as opposed to longitudinal surveies which involve a series of measurings taken over a period of clip ( Babbie, 2010 ) . Bing a non-experimental research, no use of the va riables was done and there was no effort made to alter the status, behavior or the environment of the variables as they are measured and analysed as they are. The respondents were merely made to reply questionnaires that will reflect their ain personal experience and at the same clip supply informations for the research worker ‘s perusing. The topics chosen for the survey are 422 people populating with HIV/AIDS who visited eight chosen outpatient infirmaries in the state of Chiang Rai in the northern portion of Thailand. Of which, 188 are males and 234 are females, with ages runing from 21 to 51 old ages old. The figure of respondents may non be sufficient to wholly stand for the mark population in the research puting but in many fortunes, a smaller sample size may be more important and useable in look intoing a state of affairs in deepness from different positions, while a big sample would be undistinguished particularly in societal researches ( Myers, 2000 ) . The research workers employed the lottery method without replacing in indiscriminately choosing eight infirmaries out of the 17 infirmaries in the northern state of Chiang Rai, Thailand. A random sampling method was so made to find the 422 topics who will be portion of the survey. They are people populating with HIV/ AIDS who visited the eight chosen outpatient infirmaries. The usage of lottery method in concurrence with simple random trying makes the choice of respondents more effectual and valid as it ignores repeat choices of component and gives more precise calculators ( Kalton, 1983 ) . Clearly, the attack used in sample choice and the sample size are doubtless stated. The research workers were able to methodically discourse the process undertaken in informations aggregation. They used four questionnaires to garner informations from the participants: societal support questionnaires, symptom experience questionnaire, self-care schemes questionnaire and health-related quality of life questionnaires. Each of these questionnaires has been carefully chosen and drafted for the survey. The three questionnaires for societal support, self-care schemes and health-related quality were all adapted from old research while the questionnaire for symptom experience was drafted establishing on the reappraisal of literature. The cogency and dependability of the questionnaires were greatly anchored on the internal consistences used for each questionnaire. The questionnaires are meticulously reviewed by the research worker to guarantee its ability to mensurate what it intends to mensurate ( Foddy, 1993 ) . However, no reference about pilot testing was made and this ma y be considered one of the survey ‘s failings. Creswell ( 2003 ) stated that ethical issues arise most normally in informations aggregation where confidentiality and namelessness are in careful examination. These concerns are recognised and acted upon by the research workers by guaranting respondents were given due protection and their safety is non abridged. The research workers acquired the blessing of the Ethical Review Committee for Research Involving Human Subjects and/or Use of Animals in Research, Health Science Group of Faculties, Colleges and Institutes, Chulalongkorn University, and the Ethical Review Committee for the Biomedical Group, Chiangraiprachanukroh Hospital, Thailand. With human topics involved in the survey, such blessing was obtained. The intent and methods of the survey were explained to the participants through the informed consent which acknowledges the participants ‘ rights are protected ( Creswell, 2003 ) . The consequences of the survey were presented clearly in graphical signifier and text. The consequences of the statistical intervention of the informations were explained in four concise yet extremely enlightening paragraphs while the demographics of the topics were presented in a more ocular and apprehensible tabular array ( Kumar, 2005 ) . The internal consistences of the informations, utilizing the Cronbach ‘s alpha were besides presented accurately, for societal support 0.8, for symptom experience which was clustered into six symptoms, weariness 0.88, nausea 0.92, diarrhea 0.93, depression 0.92, neuropathy 0.93 and anxiousness 0.92 ; for self-care schemes 0.77 and eventually for HRQOL 0.85. Given all these figures, readers are assured that the consequences are good calculated and analysed to guarantee that high degree of cogency and dependability is achieved. Four different and highly-structured questionnaires ( Overseas Learning Faculty 2004 ) were used in roll uping informations. The usage of questionnaires is the appropriate technique in obtaining informations for cross-sectional designed research or societal studies as it acquires first-hand information from the topics without change or use of their responses ( Bryman & A ; Bell, 2003 ) . On the other manus, SPSS and LISREL, statistical computing machine plans that perform higher computations and structural equation, were used for statistical analysis. Statistical interventions done with the said statistical tool are considered extremely right ( Norse School of Management, 2009 ) . The consequences of the information analysis show that path relationships between the variables were investigated to guarantee that important differences are non attributed to fluctuations in other relevant variables. It can besides be noted that the information analysis adequately showed the complete infor mation with the trial value, grade of freedom and chance for each identified variable, thereby giving more constituted consequences. The treatment of the research findings ties together all the pieces of the survey and gives a image of the survey as a whole. It relates and translates the figures to literature reappraisal therefore doing it more comprehendible and balanced ( Russel, 2002 ) . The research workers were able to travel back to literature and discourse that most of their research findings are consistent and similar with the plants antecedently done by other research workers on HRQOL in PLWHA. It besides tackled the deductions of the topics ‘ socio-economic position, gender, age, societal support, antiretroviral intervention, and symptom experience and self-care schemes to their health-related quality of life. The restriction of the survey was besides acknowledged where the usage of cross-sectional theoretical account was perceived to be the theoretical account ‘s failing since it merely gives a snapshot of the existent discernible fact at one point in clip ( Wood & A ; Haber, 2006 ) . Theref ore, it was suggested that future surveies should be conducted to further set up the causal relationships between the variables longitudinally over a longer period of clip to get enduring and more dependable research consequences. The decision coheres with and is supported by the consequences obtained. The research workers conclude that a causal theoretical account of HRQOL in PLWHA indicate that most factors have direct and indirect effects on the HRQOL. Consequently, age, societal support, antiretroviral intervention, symptom experience, and self-care schemes are considered to be important factors in explicating and foretelling the HRQOL in Thai PLWHA. Furthermore, self-care schemes link societal support and antiretroviral intervention with HRQOL in Thai PLWHA. The research workers besides presented the deductions of the survey which are really instrumental in the survey ‘s concluding recommendations. With the findings and decisions at manus, the research workers strongly recommend executable propositions to assist people populating with HIV/AIDS achieve a higher quality of life as they hurdle challenges of huge proportions, including HIV-stigma, deficiency of societal support, and mental wellness issues such as depression ( Jiraphongsa et al. , 2009 ) . The research workers gave motive on the publicity of societal support from the household and the community as it was found to be positively correlated with a better quality of life ( Fogel, 1998 ) . Observation to antiretroviral intervention, early symptom sensing and prompt intercession and pattern of self-care schemes must besides be ensured to accomplish a higher quality of life. The research workers besides pointed out the demand to carry on future research on this subject to get the better of the restrictions they met in carry oning this academic work for stronger and more dependable consequences. ( 2,770 words )

Writing Teenage Novels May Lead to Suicide

Ned Vizzini, a popular teenage novels writer, sure knew what he was writing about, for the main topics of his books are depression and teenage anxiety (though put out in a humorous manner). On December the 19-th he committed a suicide in Brooklyn by jumping off the roof. For one or other reason he did it on the building where his parents live. He was 32 and pretty successful for his age. So why would a popular author of 4 young-adult books take his own life? Which Came First: Teenage Novel or Depression? Everybody has his own ways of finding inspiration: some people seek for it in strong feelings, like love or hate, some find it, looking up to other people, some get it out of the nature. As for Ned Vizzini, he basically drew inspiration from his own suffering, for, struggling constantly with depression, he wished to somehow share his experience with youngsters and writing books on it was the best choice. Though now it looks a little bit doubtful whether he should have done it – as it can be seen now, his struggles were not too successful at the end. Out of Nowhere Taking a closer look at Mr. Vizzinis life, the fact of him experiencing depression seems pretty odd. You could even think it was plushy life that made him act so fussy. His very first novel, â€Å"Be More Chill† was a success and brought him a contract for two more books – doesnt look like a fair reason for despair. Nevertheless, that is how it happened – he got into the depths of depression, so that even medication was not enough to help him out. Finally, he went to the hospital and that was were he got better and wrote his second novel, â€Å"Its a Kind of a Funny Story†, which became his most celebrated book and which was based on his own â€Å"hospital† experience. This year he published his last book, â€Å"House of Secrets†, which was supposed to be first in a trilogy of fantasy books for teenagers. Well, this trilogy is never going to be finished now. Odds of Being a Writer or Odds of Being a Fool? Artistic people tend to be taken as vulnerable ones. Sometimes its true, sometimes it is not – there are no less artists, musicians and writers with nerves of steel, than of those, who get easily hurt by careless words. But it is really weird even for a very vulnerable person to get depressed, when everything is actually good. Ned Vizzini was survived by his family and left successful teenage novels and contracts for other books behind. He did not even live a half of life he could, because he let depression knock him down, without thinking on his relatives, friends or readers, who might have looked up to him. There must have been some hidden reasons for his suicide or otherwise Ned Vizzini is a fool.

Okonkwo Valued Masculinity - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 492 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2019/05/08 Category Literature Essay Level High school Tags: Things Fall Apart Essay Did you like this example? Okonkwo was a very well known young man, due to solid personal achievements. Achievements such as throwing Amalinze the Cat, a wrestler who was known for being undefeated for 7 years. Masculinity is something very important to him. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Okonkwo Valued Masculinity" essay for you Create order The importance of masculinity is shown towards the beginning of the book where Okonkwo insults a man by calling him a woman. This action of his shows how masculinity is valued when ranking people in Umuofia society. Karma eventually got to him after all his actions, such as beating people, masculinity and aggression became the reason he failed to continue be successful in society. Since Okonkwo valued masculinity, he believed in traditional gender roles. He had two children, a son and a daughter. He wanted his son to be aggressive just like him. Turns out, he was not. He was much more fond of his daughter because of his son’s lack of masculinity. So he wish she would have been a son. Okonkwo put a lot of pressure on his son to be more aggressive, but it don’t work, in fact that pressure changes him. Okonkwo put a lot of pressure on his son to be more aggressive because his own father wasn’t masculine or aggressive. His father, Unoka was lazy, he did not work. Okonkwo saw hard work as a masculine trait. He didn’t want to be like his father. His father’s laziness became the reason why he would work hard, he didn’t want to seem useless just like him. So he would constantly beat up his wives and children and work hard because it made him feel masculine, it also made people fear him. Nwoye struggles with masculinity am being aggressive, so as a result he gets beat by his father (Okonkwo). He was greatly affected by the violence and repels the violence in Umuofia rituals and ends up joining the Christians. He has this trait like his grandfather Unoka. One of Okonkwo’s uncles states â€Å" Its true that a child belongs to its father. But when a father beats his child it seeks sympathy in its Mothers Hut†. Although Nwoye knew that his father was right when it came to being masculine and violent, he still preferred the stories his mother would use to tell..†. Which clearly shows how important masculinity was to him. Okonkwo preferred to masculine, and make people fear Him rather than to show compassion. So as a result of how his father used to be, lazy, he decided to be a hard worker and be very violent towards women and children, which made him a very well-known person. He believed that men should be masculine, so since his son wasnt all that interested in being masculine he would beat him. His aggression ended up making him weak. Instead of dying a great leader as he was known in the beginning of the story he died in a disgraceful manner by committing suicide.

Nelson Mandela s Legacy Of The Black People Of South Africa

Nelson Mandela was a leader in every aspect for the black people of South Africa from the minute he was born to the minute he died. While Nelson Mandela was on trial for sabotage, [a crime that he did not actually commit] he said these words that defined his legacy until the day that he died, â€Å"During my lifetime I have dedicated myself to this struggle of the African people. I have fought against white domination, and I have fought against black domination. I have cherished the ideal of a democratic and free society in which all persons live together in harmony and with equal opportunities. It is an ideal which I hope to live for and to achieve. But if needs be, it is an ideal for which I am prepared to die.† (Denenberg 83, 85.). Nelson Mandela had to overcome many hardships and struggles in order to become the great politician and Prime Minister that he was. From the very early stages of his life, Nelson faced many hardships that he had to overcome in order to set the foundation for the great leader that he was about to become. Nelson Mandela was born on July 18,1918 in a small village called Qunu, located in the Transkei Territory in South Africa (Denenberg 5). Nelson was the youngest out of four children in his family (Denenberg 5). Nelson and his father cared for their cattle, and when needed, Nelson would help by plowing the fields (Denenberg 5). During Nelson’s free time, he loved playing soccer, and learning how to hunt and fight with sticks (Denenberg 5). As aShow MoreRelatedMahatma Gandhi And Nelson Mandela1447 Words   |  6 PagesIf Mahatma Gandhi never inspired Nelson Mandela to fulfill his vision for human rights, would Nelson Mandela have inspired Barack Obama to continue that legacy? Mahatma Gandhi practiced civil disobedience and lobbied for the rights of Indians in South Africa and India. 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The Leadership Attributes and Skills-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp

Question: Identify a Current Issue in your workplace you believe require change. Identify and discuss the leadership attributes and skills you will draw upon to reflect change. Answer: Introduction Leadership is important to guide people and to ensure that the employees in an organisation are motivated to continue work in an ethical an efficient manner. In the words of Bolman and Deal (2017), without proper leadership organisations cannot control the employees in an efficient manner and solve issues that may cause hindrance to the daily work. The essay focuses on the need for leadership in nursing and the issues that may occur in a particular organisation. The organisation in focus is the Calvary Hospital in Canberra. Recent reports have claimed that there has been an issue in the hospital, which have led to the theft of some documents that deal with the requisition of drugs. This particular issue has brought about great concern in the security of the hospital and has brought into question the loyalty and trustworthiness of the employees. The essay covers the leadership that is required in the hospital to mitigate this current issue and the manner in which people can be motivat ed to be loyal to the work that is done by them. As such, the thesis statement of the essay includes leadership not only helps in guiding employees but also help to develop future leaders in the organisation. Body Calvary Hospital is a public hospital that is located in Canberra, Australia. It serves in the northern suburbs of Canberra and is classified as a secondary facility. The hospital was established in 1979 and is a teaching hospital that is affiliated with the Australian Catholic University, Australian National University and the University of Canberra. It has been seen that the hospital shares its space with Hyson Green Mental Health Clinic and collaborate in many facilities with a public hospital. The hospital has 250 beds and in 2007-08, the hospital was involved in conducting a Refugee Monitoring Programme. One of the major distinctions held by the hospital is that it was one of the earliest institutions to have developed procedures for curing sentinel lymph node biopsy (Calvarycare.org.au, 2018). The major issue that had been faced by the company is the fact of the theft of internal documents. The documents contained details about certain drugs requisition that could be used for curing patients in the hospital. The investigation has shown that the detail of the drug order consisted of two different wards within the hospital between December 2 and 3. These have been filed previously at the hospitals as the names and signatures of the nurses and pharmacists indicated that it was done due to the casualty of the internal staffs have evidenced it. The manager of the hospital did not consider this as a significant event and ruled it out stating that such an event is a one-time occurrence and that it will not occur again in the future. However, the managers need to monitor the work done at the hospital and ensure that such problems do not occur again in the future (Calvarycare.org.au, 2018). In this regard, the leadership of the employees plays an important role to ensure that the employees remain loyal and perform their task in an efficient manner. According to Goleman (2017), leadership can help in building confidence among employees and provide them with an opportunity to improve their performance for the team and the organisation. Effective leaders act as a guide for the employee and enlighten them with the basics that are required for success in an organisation. It is the duty of every person acting as a leader to know and understand the employees and ensure that the needs and requirements of the employees are fulfilled. In the words of Ward (2016), leadership is important to ensure that the work provided to the employees is done in an efficient and that negative consequences that may hurt an organisation are resolved. In the case of Calvary Hospital, the issue that the hospital has faced require proper monitoring of the employees and the management of valuable docu ments. Like every organisation, the hospitals also have a number of departments that require leadership guidance and effective management ability. Such guidance and responsibilities of the managers and leaders help in keeping the department together and ensure that the department completes the tasks and goals as per the rule of the organisation (Antonakis Day, 2017). Some of the departments include record keeping department, finance department, management department, nursing department and so on. In the case of the issue highlighted for Calvary Hospital, the record keeping department and the nursing department can be held responsible. This is mainly because it has been evidenced that the names and signature of the nurse that have prescribed the document were mentioned. Alongside this, the records department needed to ensure that the documents were kept in a safe manner (Goleman, 2017). Hence, proper leadership roles in these departments need to be focused on so that such mistakes are not r epeated in the future. Hence, various leadership styles can be followed that so that the employees of an organisation can be guided (Heifetz Linsky, 2017). The leadership styles have unique characteristics and based on the method by which the characteristics are involved, the employees are influenced. Some of the common leadership styles that exist in an organisation can be stated below. Autocratic leadership style: According to Fairhurst and Connaughton (2014), autocratic leadership style is centred on the decisions made by the leaders. The employees do not get an opportunity to provide their ideas to leaders and display their talent for creativity. The decisions taken by the managers are final and employees have to abide by the rules and regulations that exist in the organisations. This type of leadership style acts a mode of providing de-motivation to the employees. Renz Herman (2016) stated that employees do not feel motivated and valued in the organisation and therefore, may submit themselves from quitting the organisation. Democratic leadership style: employees consider the democratic leadership style as the best form of leadership. This is mainly because of the fact that the leaders practising this style take good care of the employees (DuBrin, 2015). Every move of the employees is encouraged and creative ideas of the employees are entertained as long as it is reported first to the leaders. The decision-making ability of the employees is more in this type of leadership and the contributions made by the employees form the centre of the leadership style. Another important aspect that is provided by the application of this particular style is the fact that despite centring on the decisions of the employees, the leaders hold final responsibility. At the same time as observed by Johnston and Marshall (2016) the communication between the employees and the leaders are active and flow in both ways. This also provides a motivational factor for the employees as they can communicate their thoughts any time to th e leaders. Laissez-faire leadership style: As stated by Tourish (2014), the similarity between the democratic style and the laissez-faire style is that both the forms of leadership provide authority to the employees. However, the biggest difference is that unlike the democratic style, leaders obtaining this type of style provide full freedom to the employee to continue work in their own manner. No guidance is provided by the leaders and employees continue to work in the manner they seem best for the development of the organisation. However, as stated by Komives (2016) this type of leadership has been considered as the least effective and least motivational for the employees working in an organisation. This is mainly because the employees are deprived of a guide and at the same time perform in a manner that may hinder the quality of work of an organisation. Thus, the application of this leadership style is least used in organisations for fear of low quality and lack of leadership material. Transformational leadership style: The transformational leadership style helps in initiating changes in an organisation. According to Daft (2014), changes in an organisation are required for developing the organisation in terms of its resources and equipment that are used in the organisation. The application of the transformational leadership helps in motivating employees to continue with the original intended work. The transformational leadership style can help in bringing about changes in the workforce and motivate the employees to accept the changes that take place in the organisation. The leaders set up challenging tasks so that the employees can provide effective and high-quality performance in the organisation. It has been proven that transformational leadership style tends to have committed and loyal followers in the organisation. The employees remain satisfied with the opportunities provided to them and they display their loyalty by improving the performance and providing sup port to the leaders (Johnson, 2017). Transactional leadership style: This type of leadership is involved in a relationship of exchange between the employees and the leaders. The leaders for the effective performance that has been displayed reward the employees or team members. This is a basic form of leadership as it focuses on the exchange of loyalty and efficiency of the employees with the rewards that are provided to them. Sanders (2017) are of the opinion that focusing on expectations and making a clear statement about the objectives of the employees are skills of leaders. The expectations from the employees are set in a manner so that each employee can be capable of earning the rewards that are provided for the good service. The leaders guide the employees and set personal targets so that every employee can work hard for the betterment of the team and the organisation. Thus, after analysing the styles of leadership that exist and the issues suffered by Calvary Hospital, it can be said that the leaders of the hospital need to focus on adopting the democratic style of leadership. This is mainly because the employees can be provided with the freedom to take own decisions and apply it in the organisational context. As stated by Cashman (2017) the democratic leadership style allows employees to be responsible for the actions and the decisions undertaken by them. In the case of Calvary Hospital, such responsibility is required among the employees so that the hospital does not lose valuable documents. As evidenced by the analysis, the name and signature of the nurses working in the hospital are the incriminating evidence that the employees are careless and lack responsibility. The adoption of the democratic leadership can help in forming this characteristic among the employees. Thus, Calvary Hospital can solve the issue based on the application of such a leadership style. At the same time, it is considered as the duty of the managers to appoint leaders that are responsible and help in motivating the employees. Thereby, proper development of the employees is also required so that they can be future leaders of the hospitals. Calvary Hospital needs to ensure that the recordkeeping department updates their database every day so that any flaw in the department can be understood and taken care of. For this, the guidance of the leaders is necessary so that the employees can contribute to the effective work policies of the hospital. Conclusion Thus, it can be concluded that leadership is an important aspect of an organisation and without proper leadership; organisations may have to face severe problems. The organisations need to ensure that the relationship between the leaders and the employees are good enough so that proper guidance can be provided in terms of understanding the manner in which leadership styles can be implemented. In the case of the issue suffered in Calvary Hospital, democratic leadership style can help in providing solutions to the issue. This is because engagement of the employees and providing them with the responsibility to take care of self-action is necessary for the growth and development of the employees. Hence, Calvary Hospital needs to develop proper leaders and responsible staff members so that issues such as loss or theft of important documents can be avoided. Proper leadership style can help in achieving this particular aim for the hospital. References Antonakis, J., Day, D. V. (Eds.). (2017).The nature of leadership. Sage publications. Bolman, L. G., Deal, T. E. (2017).Reframing organizations: Artistry, choice, and leadership. John Wiley Sons. Calvarycare.org.au. (2018).Calvary Public Hospital Bruce. Retrieved 4 April 2018, from https://www.calvarycare.org.au/public-hospital-bruce/ Cashman, K. (2017).Leadership from the inside out: Becoming a leader for life. Berrett-Koehler Publishers. Daft, R. L. (2014).The leadership experience. Cengage Learning. DuBrin, A. J. (2015).Leadership: Research findings, practice, and skills. Nelson Education. Fairhurst, G. T., Connaughton, S. L. (2014). Leadership: A communicative perspective.Leadership,10(1), 7-35. Goleman, D. (2017).Leadership That Gets Results (Harvard Business Review Classics). Harvard Business Press. Heifetz, R., Linsky, M. (2017).Leadership on the Line, With a New Preface: Staying Alive Through the Dangers of Change. Harvard Business Press. Johnson, C. E. (2017).Meeting the ethical challenges of leadership: Casting light or shadow. Sage Publications. Johnston, M. W., Marshall, G. W. (2016).Sales force management: Leadership, innovation, technology. Routledge. Komives, S. R. (2016).Leadership for a better world: Understanding the social change model of leadership development. John Wiley Sons. Renz, D. O., Herman, R. D. (Eds.). (2016).The Jossey-Bass nonprofit leadership and management. John Wiley Sons. Sanders, J. O. (2017).Spiritual leadership: Principles of excellence for every believer. Moody Publishers. Tourish, D. (2014). Leadership, more or less? A processual, communication perspective on the role of agency in leadership theory.Leadership,10(1), 79-98. Ward, J. (2016).Keeping the family business healthy: How to plan for continuing growth, profitability, and family leadership. Springer.